对as many/mucu…as困惑

问题描述

麻烦老师 as many / mucu…as 的用法归纳一下，谢谢！

老师答疑

刘老师：

根据网友陈先生补充的“对as many/much…as 困惑”的几个问题，解答如下：

▼1.根据《薄冰语法》：当as many/much…as 用于<比较状语从句>时，第一个as是<副词>，而第二as是<从属连词>。所谓<从属连词>，学生我的理解是，有两层意思，一是该<连词>从属于<比较状语从句>，二是该<连词>在<比较状语从句>中，不承担任何成分。如《薄冰语法》给出的例句：

I have never seen so [as] much rain as fell that Februaru.

我从未见过像那个二月那么多雨。

【答】在as...as...比较结构（否定时可以用so...as...）中，第二个as 是关系代词，引导定语从句。在表示比较意义的同时，as 在从句中充当成分，作从句的宾语或主语。这时的as 不是从属连词。例如：

You may take as many chairs as you need. 你需要多少椅子就拿走多少椅子。（as作need的宾语）

My parents don’t so much money as I want. 我父母没有我需要的那么多钱。（as作want的宾语）

《薄冰语法》中的这个句子，as 也是关系代词：

I have never seen so [as] much rain as fell that Februaru. 我从未见过像那个二月那么多雨。

显然，as 作了fell的主语。

▼2.但在《科技英语语法手册》中，看到的以下几个例句里的第二as，明示在<从句>中是承担了某成分的：

As many instruments as are in the laboratory have been made most use of. 实验室那么多的仪器以充分利用了。     （as做从句的主语）     ⑴

There as many books as are need.

凡需要的书都有了。                         （as做从句的主语）    ⑵

He has as many books on physicsas I have.

他有的物理书和我同样多。                    （as做从句的宾语）   ⑶

Here is a jar of distilled water.You may use as mucu as you need.

这里有一瓶蒸馏水，你需要用多少就用多少。    （as做从句的宾语）    ⑷

学生我的感觉是：⑴～⑷句中的第二as承担了<从句>的成分，它应该是<关系代词>——引出的是<定语从句>，已不是“▼1.”中的<从属连词>。那么⑴～⑷句应属于不含有<比较状语从句>的一般陈述句吧？由此可以说： many/mucu…as并非只用于<比较状语从句>，对吗？。 敬请指教！

【答】赞同你的分析！前面已经分析过了，《薄冰语法》的那个例句，as 同样也是关系代词。as/so...as... 结构，第一个as 是副词表程度，第二个as 不是连词，本身有词汇意义（像...一样），在作用上是关系代词，在从句中充当成分，因为单纯的从属连词是不作成分的！

陈老师：

【2】as much as /as many as 表示数量

(1).表示具体的数量，其后通常直接跟具体数量，其意为“……之多”“多达”“整整”，强调“多”

In fact it cost me as much as 100 dollars. 事实上，它整整花了我100美元。

We walked as much as 50 miles that day. 那天我们整整走了50英里。

She trained hard for the race， sometimes running as much as 60 miles a week.

比赛，她拼命地训练，有时一个星期要跑60英里。

—Is it hot up there？ 那上面热吗？

—Of course， as much as 45 degrees. 当然热，高达45度。

The speed can vary by as much as 15 percent. 其速度的差别可高达15％。

（备注：如上例所示，as much as 用于表示具体的数量时，其后接的可能是可数名词，但由于它们意义上仍然为不可数，故用 as much as，不用 as many as。）

如 100 dollars，尽管其中的 dollars 为可数名词的复数形式，由于 100 dollars 仍是一个不可数的概念，仍是不可数的。

但是下面这句是错的：因为这里的 100 articles 表示的是可数概念。

I read as much as 100 articles today. （错误）

I read as many as 100 articles. （正确）

(2)表示模糊的数量，其意为“与……一样多”，有时 much 后可接被修饰的名词（不可数）。

I ate as much as I could. 我能吃多少就吃了多少。

I’ll spend as much as necessary. 需要花多少钱，我就花多少钱。

Give me as much as you gave Jane. 给我的要和你给简的一样多。

I haven’t got as much money as I thought. 我不像原来想象的有那么多钱。

I’m sorry I haven’t done as much as I should. 我很抱歉，我做得很不够。

Some of the doctors are paid almost twice as much as the nurses.

有些医生所获得的报酬差不多是护士的两倍。

We can take as much as our buyer can supply. 买主能提供多少我们就能要多少。

If you charge as much as that， you’ll scare customers off.

如果你要价那么高，你会把顾客吓跑的。

【3】as much as 表示程度

(1)译为“尽量”“尽最大努力（可能）”，主要用于 as...as possible one can。 

You ought to rest as much as possible. 你应当尽量多休息。

I have helped you as much as I can. Now it is up to you.

我已尽我所能地帮助你了。现在该看你自己了。

I won’t have a pudding—it was as much as I could do to finish the very large first course.

我不要布丁了——我能把第一道大菜吃完就已经很不容易了。

(2)译为“像……一样（的程度）”。

He doesn’t think of you as much as he ought to. 他没有像本应该的那样对你好。

We’re in the dark just as much as you are. 我们跟你们一样被蒙在鼓里。

I don’t pretend to know as much as he does about it. 我不敢说我对此事的了解有他那样多。

I like cats as much as dogs. 我喜欢猫和喜欢狗的程度相同。（此句可视为 I like cats as much as I like dogs 之省略）

(3)译为“与……一样多”。

I haven’t as much responsibility as before. 我不再担负过去那样多的责任了。

(4). 译为“好像”“几乎”“差不多”“等于”。

That is as much as saying I am a liar. 那无异于说我撒谎。

He as much as admitted that it was his fault. 他几乎承认说是他的错。

You said “all right”， which was as much as to say that you were satisfied.

你当时说“行”，这就等于说你认为满意。

（备注：as much as to say ［saying］ 可视为习语，意为“等于说”。) 

(5)译为“既……又”“不仅……而且”。 

It is as much your responsibility as mine. 这件事你和我一样都有责任。

He retorted that it was my fault as much as his.

他反驳说那不仅是他的错，而且也是我的错。或：他反驳说我的错误并不比他的错误小。

I expect to weep as much as （to） laugh. 我简直又想哭，又想笑。

(6).有时有较灵活的译法：not as much ....as ...与其说是....不如说是.... 

His latest play is not as much a farce as a burlesque tragedy.

他最近的一个剧本与其说是一个滑稽剧，不如说是一个滑稽的悲剧。

【4】as much as表示经常性

　Do you dine out as much as you did in Paris？你还像在巴黎那样常常在外面吃饭吗？

　Grandma’s getting on a bit and doesn’t go out as much as she used to.

奶奶年事日高， 不像从前那样常出门了。

【5】as much as两点特别说明

(1)第二个 as 有时为关系代词，用以引导定语从句

I gave him as much as he could eat. 他能吃多少，我就给了他多少。

As much as he earned was given to his girlfriend. 他赚的钱都给了他的女朋友。

(2) 当连接两个成分作主语时，其后谓语动词习惯上要与前面一个成分保持一致。 

John， as much as his brothers， was responsible for the loss.

不仅约翰的兄弟要对这损失负责，而且约翰自己也要对这损失负责。

黎老师：

    当数词直接修饰表示人或事物的可数名词的复数（量词除外）时，在数词之前用来 as many as 来表达“言其多”的口气，当数词+量词结构所涉及的是不可数名词时，则用 as much as 来表达“言其多”的口气（虽然量词为复数），而不管这个不可数名词是否以短语的形式出现。例如：As many as ten or twelve people were found living in a single room.  发现住在单人房间的有10人甚至12人之多。The rain is plentiful here, often as much as seventy inches yearly.（这里涉及的是 rain）这里的雨水非常充分，每年降雨量常常高达70英寸。Our factory consumes as much as 500 tons of solid fuel per week.（这里涉及的是 fuel）我们工厂所消耗的固体燃料每周高达500吨。The deepest holes of all are made for oil, and they go down to as much as 25,000 feet.（这里涉及的是 depth）在一切洞之中，最深的是为了寻找石油所钻的洞，这些洞深达二万五千英尺。

    但是，如把某些量词实物化的话，也可在量词之前使用 as many as :

    He drinks as many as three bottles of milk a day. (CGEL)他每天竟喝三瓶牛奶。

   在“as much (...) as + 从句”这种结构中，后一个 as 是关系代词，从句中常含有助动词 can, could 等。例如：He picked up as much information as he could. 他收集了尽可能多的信息。

   （以上解答内容摘自赵振才教授编著的《英语常见问题解答大词典》增订版第四版）