语法填空（涉及从句引导词）
2024-11-14 18:19:42 学考宝 作者：佚名
问题描述
Our new factory has been built in ______ was an old temple 20 years ago.
这是语法填空的一句，请问如何填？
老师答疑
陈老师：
▲答案应填 what。注意不能填 where，因为后面的句子缺主语。本句可作如下理解：
Our new factory has been built in what was an old temple 20 years ago.
= Our new factory has been built in the place which was an old temple 20 years ago.
我们的新厂建在20年前曾是一座古庙的地方。
本句也可以作如下改写：
Our new factory has been built where there was an old temple 20 years ago.
▲类似地，以下各例也用 what：
Don’t interfere in what doesn’t concern you. 别管与自己无关的事。
She was in what was described as a vegetative state. 她处于一种被称为植物人的状态。
It’s only natural that he should be interested in what happens. 他关注所发生的事情是很正常的。
She was reluctant to intervene in what was essentially a private dispute. 她不愿意介入这种本质上属于私人性质的争端。
The ship is pitching and rolling in what looks like about fifteen foot seas. 这只船在看起来约有15英尺高的海浪中上下左右颠簸。
蒋老师：
【与刘老师探讨和学习】
我个人觉得这个句子从意思上看也是通顺的。这里的 what 就是某些语法学家所称的“关系代词型what”，它在意思上相当于“先行词+关系代词”，它在本句中相当于 the place that / which，所以我比较认同陈老师的分析，即：
Our new factory has been built in what was an old temple 20 years ago.
= Our new factory has been built in the place which was an old temple 20 years ago.
把 our new factory 建在一个 place 上面是完全可以的。
句中的 what was an old temple 20 years ago 其实就是一个 place。一个什么样的 place 呢？一个“20年前是一座古庙的地方”。
我记得曾经有一道类似的高考题，经查，是这样的：
A modern city has been set up in _____ was a wasteland ten years ago. (2004天津)
A. what B. which C. that D. where
答案是A。很显然，上面网友的这道题其实是这道高考题的变式。两者本质上是完全一样的。
刘老师：
Our new factory has been built in what was an old temple 20 years ago.
关于这个句子，有几个问题值得讨论：
1. 从语法角度看，介词in之后跟名词性从句无疑是对的，这个句子除了what外，没有更好的词语可填。
2. 但从意思上看，这个句子值得商榷。问题就出在介词in上面！因为名词性从句 what was an old temple，就等于an old temple，既如此，那么这句话的含义就是：
Our new factory has been built in an old temple of 20 years ago.
我们的新厂建在了20年前的一座古庙中。
我猜测：命题人的原意，是想表达“我们的新厂建在了20年前曾是一座古庙的地方。”
如果表示这层意思，建议采用以下表达：
1. Our new factory has been built in the place where there was an old temple 20 years ago.
2. Our new factory has been built where there was an old temple 20 years ago.
3. Our new factory has been built in the place where an old temple stood 20 years ago.
4. Our new factory has been built where an old temple stood 20 years ago.
语法正确不一定逻辑正确，这道考查“语法填空”的题目看起来很美，但经不住逻辑推敲。
如果想考查what引导的名词性从句，可以换个话题。例如：
The old man lived near ______ was a forest.
Towns have sprung up in ______ was a dry desert.
They arrived at ______ was called a small town.
陈老师：
Our new factory has been built in ______ was an old temple 20 years ago.
这是语法填空的一句，请问如何填？
回答如下：
需要填连接代词what=the place that 具有先行词+关系代词双重功能，正是因为这个原因，what不能引导定语从句.
【结构1 ：what 引导的宾语从句, what在并在介词宾语从句充当主语成分。】
Our new factory has been built in 【what】was an old temple 20 years ago。（介词宾语从句）
【参考译文1】我们新工厂建在20年曾经是一座古庙的地方。
【参考译文2】20年曾经是一座古庙的地方被用来建造我们的新工厂。
【结构2 ：关系代词that 引导的定语从句，关系代词that在定语从句充当主语成分。】
根据what=先行词the place+关系代词that,因此以上句子还可以改写为下面的句子结构。
Our new factory has been built in 【the place that】was an old temple 20 years ago.(该句为定语从句）
【参考译文1】我们新工厂建在20年曾经是一座古庙的地方。
【参考译文2】20年曾经是一座古庙的地方被用来建造我们的新工厂。
【结构3：连接副词where 引导的地点状语从句，连接副词where在地点状语从句充当地点状语。】
还可以改为由连接副词引导地点状语从句.
Our new factory has been built 【where there】was an old temple 20 years ago.(该句为地点状语从句）
【参考译文1】我们新工厂建在20年曾经是一座古庙的地方。
【参考译文2】20年曾经是一座古庙的地方被用来建造我们的新工厂。
关系连接代词what 引导的名词性从句知识拓展讲解如下
【what 引导名词性从句的五种特殊用法的语法专题讲座】
【1】表示“……的东西或事情”，相当于“the thing that...; all that...; everything that....”：
They’ve done what they can to help her.
他们已经尽力帮助了她。
He saves what he earns.
他赚多少，积蓄多少。
What Mary is is the secretary.
玛丽的职务是秘书。
【2】表示“……的人或的样子”，相当于the person that
He is no longer what he was.
他已经不是以前的那个样子。
He is what is generally called a traitor.
他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。
Who is it that has made Fred what he is now?
是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？
【3】表示“……的数量或数目”,相当于the amount/number that
Our income is now double what it was ten years ago.
我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation.
现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。
【4】表示“……的时间”,相当于the time that：
After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.
似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。
The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours.
小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。
【5】表示“……的地方”,相当于the place that
This is what they call Salt Lake City.
这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。
In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America.
1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。
【特别备注:用法说明】
(1) 这样用的what相当于“先行词+关系代词”，所以其前不能有先行词：
你欢什么就拿什么吧。
正：You can have what you like.
正：You can have everything (that) you like.
误：You can have everything what you like.
⑵ 有时what 可用作限定词，其后修饰一个名词
I gave him what books I had.
我把我所有的书都给他了。
(3) What 后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词，但通常不能是单数可数名词：
误：I gave him what book I had.He gave me what money he had about him.
他把身边带有的钱全给了我。
(4) What后接不可数名词时，有时可有little修饰。注意区别：what+不可数名词=所有的都，what little+不可数名词=虽少但全部。
I spent what time I had with her.
我所有的时间都是与她一起度过的。
I spent what little time I had with her.
我仅有的一点时间都是与她一起度过的。
