作定语的 being done 该如何理解
2024-10-30 13:59:28 学考宝 作者：佚名
问题描述
The meeting being held now is very important.
之前一直将这种 being done 当作“正在被……的”一种定语来背的，想具体请教这种结构是什么语法呢？或者说是哪种说话变化而来的。谢谢！
老师答疑
龙老师：
▲这里的 being done 叫现在分词的被动式。如果一个现在分词的被动式用作定语，确实正如你所理解的，表示“正在被……”。它相当于一个谓语动词是进行时被动式的定语从句。即：
The meeting being held now is very important.
=The meeting which is being held now is very important.
▲更多例句：
1. Who is the woman being operated on? 正在动手术的女人是谁?
= Who is the woman who is being operated on? 正在动手术的女人是谁?
2. I wasn’t interested in the question being discussed. 我对正在讨论的问题不感兴趣。
= I wasn’t interested in the question which is being discussed. 我对正在讨论的问题不感兴趣。
3. This was one of the experiments being carried out in the country. 这是国内正在进行的试验之一。
= This was one of the experiments which are being carried out in the country. 这是国内正在进行的试验之一。
▲谢谢倪老师的指正：
上面的第2-3例句的定语从应是过去进行时（因打得太急，误写了，谢谢倪老师的指正）：
2. I wasn’t interested in the question being discussed. 当时我对正在讨论的问题不感兴趣。
= I wasn’t interested in the question which was being discussed. 当时我对正在讨论的问题不感兴趣。
3. This was one of the experiments being carried out in the country. 这是国内正在进行的试验之一。
= This was one of the experiments which were being carried out in the country. 这是当时国内正在进行的试验之一。
陈老师：
The meeting being held now is very important.
之前一直将这种 being done 当作“正在被……的”一种定语来背的，想具体请教这种结构是什么语法呢？或者说是哪种说话变化而来的。谢谢！
为回答如下：
(1) 以上结构为“现在分词一般式的被动语态”作后置定语修饰前面的名词：可以理解为“正在被做”
名词/代词+being done（现在分词被动式形成的分词短语结构）
=名词/代词 which is being done （定语从句结构）
(2) 现在分词被动语态作后置定语可以看成一个进行时态被动语态定语从句省略“主语+助动词”简化式结构
(1) The meeting being held now is very important
(分词被动式作后置定语)
(2)The meeting which is being held now is very important
正在被讨论的问题很重要。（定语从句进行时被动式作后置定语)
【1】现在分词的被动语态：一般式（being done）表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式（having been done）表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. （作后置定语）
=The film which is being shown in the cinema is exciting.
正在这家上演的电影很棒。
The building being repaired is our library. （作后置定语）
正在维修的那座楼是我们的图书馆。
The problem being discussed is very important.（作后置定语）
正在被讨论的问题很重要。
I saw the man being taken away by the police. （作宾语补足语）
我看到那个人正被警察带走
【2】完成式（having been done）表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。
Having been asked to stay, I couldn’t very well leave. 既然要我留下，我就不好走了。
Having been bitten twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog up. 邮递员被狗咬了两次之后要我们把狗拴起来，不然就不给我们送信了。
